What caused North Korea to go poor when at first it was rich?
11.06.2025 01:34
Korea was split in half and now existed under polar opposite political ideologies;
accurate economic statistics. so when a sociliast government was now tasked with deciding every
in 2011 Kim Jong- un has largely kept North Korea unchanged and in fact is looking to try and reign
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exactly the same as in the Soviet Union. But this was even an impossible task for the Soviets
starting in the 70s but ramped up dramatically in the 90s the manufacturing, and distribution
Kim was able to walk into Stalin's office, providing a huge list of economic needs,
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continue to prop up its massive military and hold on power. The second thing keeping the nation from
industrialized nation in modern history. But one idea arose in the high command of the government
and by carrying out tremendous sacrifice for the state. The Ideology heavily borrowed from Korean
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by far the most industrialized and urbanized country in Asia in the immediate aftermath of
it could not rely on trade. As a result North Korea did something it hated more than anything,
one of the fastest growing economies on earth. The resurgence of North Korea was due in large part
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in the markets that emerged from the crisis in the 90s. North Korea and its leadership are
rich in natural resources. According to a Goldman Sachs report, North Korea is sitting
and almost all freedoms were curtailed, of course except for those in the ruling class. From then
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was set for a new much longer spanning conflict. Much like the occupation of Germany after the war,
to the regime's ideology of self reliance and thus this never happened. This then made North Korea
with the extra work could put you in a dangerous position. An example of this is the mobilization
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quick 10 minute lessons that teach you real world practical conversations that you will actually
market economy although it would function more or less like a brutal dictatorship until the 1980s.
power plants went offline, and Chemical fertilizer was no longer able to be produced. As such much
to remedy this issue. In the harsh and mountainous north they started a massive campaign to breed
mandated to serve in the military. This of course dramatically strained the rest of the economy.
Those modern Japanese industries and mines ceased to exist. As Historian Charles K. Armstrong put
annual massive rainfalls. Now without them, the result was massive mudslides which destroyed
To make matters even worse the floods destroyed underground stockpiles of grain. North Korea was
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1.2 billion dollars of debt for which they had no capacity to pay back and they didn't. As a result,
factories and how many workers you have at your disposal. How do you know what to price food
But the North Korea you see on the news today with its starving citizens and a leadership hell
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hydrothermal power plant, an entire industry surrounding vinylon, a strange material that's
mega projects, it failed miserably. It has now been uncompleted for over three decades and for a
of arable land and harsh climate. This would not be too concerning as any economically rational
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no country would lend to North Korea by 1976. At this point
In 1996 North Korea was in the midst of one of the worst famines experienced by any
undergoing an apocalypse. Its people had no food, they had no freedom and they lived under a brutal
you can produce if you don't know how much iron is being made, how much coal is being transported to
and historic rainfalls meant that floods and mudslides took out the remaining farmlands.
While Initially it seemed like Northern Victory was inevitable, United Nations combat forces
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By the early 90s North Korea still had a massively lopsided economy, It was allocating a vast
Korea still exist? There are two things currently keeping North Korea still afloat. One means of
single aspect of the entire economy there was no hope of it working. How do you know how much steel
economic shortages” in which the spirit of the revolutionary cause would allow for superhuman
Both Koreas that it is a “Shrimp among Whales”, and that the peninsula has been invaded “900 times
Marxist Leninist theories to his own advantage and to work better with traditional Korean beliefs.
and thus had to adapt in the name of self preservation. There is a famous saying in
How North Korea Still Exists
The Liberation of Korea
much better off that it once was pointed too as a shining example of communism in
with the support of the Soviets and later the Chinese, launched an invasion in 1950.
what is called the “chollima movement”. The North Koreans' lack of sufficient economic data lead to
inefficiencies in the command economy. Oftentimes this meant avoiding the implementation of more
thus preferential trade deals, free capital and resources, and access to equipment and technology
ensue. China is supplying energy and food to make sure this does not happen. Since he came to power
mountain goats. Flush with the shrubs they graze upon it seemed like the perfect way to
partook in human traffiking and slave labour in their prison camps. In fact, because of the unique
productivity that would outpace any other nation. In essence when North Korea was short of steel,
totalitarian regime. North Korea was now the worst place to live in the world and millions perished.
no longer willing to give oil to North Korea at preferential rates and the supply of it went from
death and the end to his limitless consumption. We can see now why changes never occurred.
which angered and threatened China’s leader Mao zedong. From there both competed to be the
under the weight of political liberalization and a faltering economy finally collapsed in late 1991,
invasion into Manchuria in an effort to snatch up as much land as possible
wartime loans and even sent tens of thousands of free workers to rebuild infrastructure
Korea would receive a massive at the time $1.65 Billion dollars worth of patron aid
before the capitulation of the Japanese empire. At the same time Hiroshima and Nagasaki were erased
and previous loans were no longer being forgiven. Maybe most importantly, Russia was
Korea plausible deniability when caught. The money generated from these illicit activities
socialist states to feed and fund itself. But the world was changing rapidly, the Soviet Union
cuisine. Making the necessary changes which would have saved his people would have likely meant his
keeped on flooding in. North Korea was able to thrive economically because it was constantly
of the North, quickly appointed Kim il Sung, a guerilla fighter in the war who later became an
their new border then became the new front line of the cold war. The Soviet Union, in control
heavy propaganda the image of the state and Kim himself was warped to resemble that of a
to take the risk. It could have sold its vast resources to the world but because industry was
Prioritizing the Military
asian society. From the quote on quote Ideal socialist state, to the worst place to live
for the North Korean regime as its grip on power could easily be broken if the North Koreans saw
on mobilizing the rural farming population to work in factories but this then diminished the
the farmlands were now unproductive, and it was almost impossible to even transport harvests.
eventually pushing the front line close to its original borders. The front line grinded to a halt
This then leads us to the next major mistake. Insead of slowing down military spending,
harder to make up for the shortfalls. Coupled with a regime that has total social control and is
economy. But North Korea had a problem. Despite years of political instability, South Korea by
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all at least partially funded by the Soviet Union but as the 80s wore on that fundly began to dry
matters even worse, under Japanese occupation, no Native Koreas held significant administering
be dramatically different. In fact for decades it was the North who maintained a political,
addressing the fundamental imbalances to the economy, even as the cold war tensions cooled in
collapsing is China. While China now sees North Korea as a nuisance the last thing they want is a
For almost all of Korea's existence it was surrounded by much more powerful nations,
a terrible decision in a country that arguably has the most mismanaged economy in modern times.
the second world war. Under Japanese occupation North Korea became an industrial powerhouse.
dictators that fell during the Arab spring. But so did North Korea. They have learned that opening
to do efficiently and even more so for the less technologically advanced North Koreans. To make
productive but expensive equipment, instead using brute force to address economic shortfalls,
any rational economic leader would try and utilize its vast resources to balance its budget and
conditions in which a nation state is actually partaking in these illegal activities, North Korea
it carried out insane mega projects. A few of these include an 1100 square mile land reclamation
much of the only arable land for agriculture and the complete flooding of coal mines. In just 4
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not global powers. However China started a long and slow decline just as the Europeans
trapped by the ideologies that created it and thus can not reform without risking collapse.
“self reliance”. Kim argued that the true peak of Civilization was contingent upon being freed from
its immediate industrial upper hand but its scarcity of food, and the worry that the South,
the chains of reliance on other nations. The way to achieve this was by placing all trust in him
then gives the criminals access to state sponsored distribution and protection and they give North
in the world, this is the story of how North Korea became so incredibly poor.
meaning the United States is still technically at war with North Korea. But Kim Il Sung
and military building up. Due to the easing of cold war tensions in the 70s, western European
North Korea's Economic Golden Age
is making drugs with some of the highest quality in the world, and making counterfeit currency that
if you have no Idea how many hungry mouths there are to feed or how productive your farmlands are.
while the government tried to cover up the skyline dominating abandoned hotel using photoshop. These
more of a god then a ruler to the North Koreas. In the South the United states created a democratic
this had the added benefit of greater social control over the population.
and industry was unable to function. In just three years the entire economy contracted
this was only because the central government had no resources in which to distribute to the
built personal palaces, ordered 100 white Mercedes limousines and dined on the finest Italian
For the first time in their histories the South was now better off than the North and rapidly
coming. This was due in large part to the souring relations between the Soviet Union and China.
the burgeoning middle class and rapid increases in quality of life that the South was now enjoying.
In the Aftermath Kim set out to finalize the transition into a complete command economy.
and no event encapsulated this better than its defeat in the Russo-Japanese War
procure more food for the region. Within two years the goat population tripled.
when North Korea was building massive power plants to meet the energy goals laid out in the official
those Japanese Industries were nationalized, a socialist central bank was created, and a one
traditionally defined as capital intensive large scale manufacturing that requires heavy machinery
and Korea was not able to hold off any longer. In 1910 It was now an official colony of the
being backed by the largest economy on earth would catch up quickly, Kim il Sung combined
North Korea stands as a reminder that nations governed by a small elite fixated on retaining
then they had dropped on all nations combined throughout the entirety of the second world war.
badly miscalculated his war effort and most of the North's advantage was swept away by the US’s
Japanese. From then until 1945 Korea was treated with unimaginable exploitation.
entire nation by Kim il Sung. He quickly started to rewrite history, banned religion, persecuted
lives of their citizens, but reform and revolution of a dictatorship never ends well for the elites
Korean History & Japanese Occupation
his political opponents and ultimately became the supreme authority of the land. He warped the
This new political dominance was rooted in the ideology of Juche which roughly translates to
nations were now open to the idea of lending to North Korea. 80 million dollars was borrowed
of further reform just like in the Soviet Union. They do not have the stomach to risk the economic
of drugs, fake US currency, sold weapons to international terrorist organization, and
the developing world and for a brief moment it was the most industrialized and advanced
the incredibly prosperous South Korea who now has over 70 times the economic output, things used to
a product of the last few decades. While North Korea and its tiny economy are now juxtaposed with
times. But as North Korea ruined their debt reputations in the 70s no nation was willing
factory and 400 million from Japan for heavy plant equipment. In just 5 years North Korea took on
Kim allocating 80% of all resources to developing heavy industry came at the cost of consumer goods
to a unique set of circumstances. At the heart of it all was the religious like to dominance of the
However some important economic development did take place. Northern Korea is incredibly
of mass mobilization in which the nation would rely on quote “revolutionary zeal to make up any
a capitalist foothold on their doorstep, flooded half a million soldiers into the Korean Peninsula,
North Korea: The Worst Place To Live in the World
ally. Trade to the Russian Federation collapsed 6 fold, food imports and aid completely stopped
back to Japan to aid in the war effort. But Japan’s reign of terror came to an abrupt end.
command economy modeled after and with the help of the Soviet Union. Land was redistributed,
Out of pure necessity it for the first time allowed for markets and minor trading however
being stimulated by a socialist competition and Kim's fierce iron grip politically
carpet bombing campaings. In fact the United States dropped more explosives on North Korea
on, all prices, all goods, all funds, and all jobs were to be dictated by the government,
plants. Infrastructure throughout the country was improved to ship the much needed materials
food producing capabilities of the Nation. But as we discussed prior, we know that North Korea, even
positions meaning there was a severe lack of experience and no real way to produce
fully reliant on the untenable aid it received from other socialist nations to feed itself.
efforts. North Korea all a sudden did not have enough farmlands to feed its people. Faced with
other potential socialist nations that they would be looked after by the communist world. But well
light industry. The Japanese had made the south into the breadbasket to feed its war
is said to be better than real dollars. It harbors international criminals and employs them, this
economic, technological and military superiority over the south. North Korea for a time was so
population. But why did North Korea not change? Today we have witnessed the fall of the Soviet
Without fuel the population took to cutting down forests for the winters to stay warm and this made
But those shrubs that the Goats quickly devoured held together the loose mountain soil during the
by the Americans. Weeks later the largest war in human history was over but immediately the stage
After Stalin's death in 1953, the next in line Nikita Khrushchev took on De-stalinization reforms
the 70s, North Korea started to take out mountains of debt to finance further heavy industry
is hard to estimate but it has likely brought in billions of dollars to which the regime can then
food from international humanitarian efforts until the year 2000 it made outrageous demands,
in the best of times, is hardly capable of being self-sufficient in food production due to its lack
The North was blessed with almost all the natural resources, most of the industrial capacity,
was the perfectly crafted means of Social control over the North Koreas. This provided the perfect
The next terrible decision emerged again from the ideology of self-reliance in the form of
the environment unable to cope with torrential rains. Coupled with the goat breeding program
champion for the developing Socialist world and thus both could not afford to lose North Korea
their economy or political structure even just a little would start a never ending tidal wave
in the last 2000 years”. For the last 10 centuries Korea served as a tributary state
and it's even been scientifically proven using their award winning technology
in charge. While the Nation starved the next leader Kim Jong Il imported luxury watches,
and China was undergoing reforms now seeing North Korea as more of a nuisance than as an
and little progress was made over the coming years. In the face of neither side seeing
economic plan. North Korea would persistently use the Chollima movement to address the massive
officer in the Soviet army during the liberation of Korea. He quickly began to build a Socialist
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in 1904. The result of the embarrassing defeat was Japan's uninhibited influence in the region
more water was now needed to irrigate the fields and that meant hydroelectric power plants needed
already crippled and because of extreme sancious placed on it from its nuclear weapons program
was wholly dependent on dramatic amounts of help from the other socialist nations.
up, and all of North Korea's terrible mistakes were about to collapse the entire economy.
and 92% off the electrical power generation. In fact for a brief moment in time North Korea was
and facilities. This produces Steel, Military equipment, ships, chemicals, construction ect. But
it. “ North Korea had been virtually destroyed as an industrial society”
everything than South Korea who was then just starting to build their own heavy industry.
society with the goal of self reliance meant that North Korea would allocate
By the late 19th century and early 20th It was no longer China but Japan that threatened Korea.
In a case such as this it would make sense for a nation to take out loans to weather the rough
the time commitment and seemingly overwhelming challenge, well then I have the answer for you.
majority of its budget to the military, It had not made significant attempts to pay off its debt
durable and highly heat resistant, and the most emblematic of the time, the Ryugyong hotel. The
the 80s was undergoing its economic miracle and democratization. This was a huge problem
plan would use its newfound industrial strength to trade for food products. But this is counter
to the various powerful Chinese dynasties that were by far the most important asian powers if
this small nation that was just bombed back into the stone age , was now able to become
it made an international plea for aid to which it would receive. Despite receiving 70% of all needed
All men ages fifteen to forty five and all women aged eighteen to thirty five were
pulling ahead. This was symbolized in the 1988 olympic games hosted in Seoul. In response the
Despite this, North Korea, to the surprise of the world, would enter its economic Golden age.
15% a year, quickly dwarfing the small agrarian economy of the south. But how is it possible that
The Beginning of the End
could gain quick money by selling raw resources to them. Within two years after the war, the economy
Union and Eastern bloc, the reformation of the Chinese economic system and the numerous
atop an estimated 10 Trillion dollars worth of mineral deposits, and as such,
and most importantly agriculture. Even Stalin who himself overemphasized heavy industry
The over reliance of heavy industry and the utilization of massive labor movements would come
Confucianism with concepts of hierarchy as the basis of order and social harmony. Coupled with
project off its coast line, an attempted to build the largest dam in the world, a supermassive
were able to Push the North all the way back to the Chinese border. China, worried about
But the south had almost all of the prime agricultural land and most of the consumer
Life After Collapse
the soviets and food, oil and fertilizer from the chinese. From 1950-1960 North
was larger than it ever had been before and by the early 1960s it was producing exponentially more of
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From the very beginning, Kim il sung was obsessed with building heavy industry as in his mind
It was given hydro electric dams, railroads, irrigation systems and industrial equipment from
North ramped up terrorist activities, assasination attemps and despite its now stagnate economy,
Ironically, and against the notions of self reliance, North Korea's resurgence
food, coal or any other factor of production they would mobilize the population to work longer and
meant he could carry out rapid industrialization and militarization of the whole country. But North
who sought to rapidly industrialize and modernize its military to be able to fend off the Europeans.
Korea's unprecedented growth hid the abhorrent structural flaws and catastrophic economic
under strain further toward the end of the 1960s as the Cold war heated up. Having a
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power and gatekeeping the keys to truth are where true human suffering lies. The 20th century gave
Soviet & Chinese Aid
from the French to build a fertilizer plant, 160 million from the United Kingdom to build a cement
party communist state was instituted. Later all power was Vested in Kim il Sung who would become
Hotel was to become the tallest in the world, cost 2% of its entire economy and like all the other
years 5-10% of North Korea's entire population perished. Yet this is just one small example of
dramatic amounts of resources to the military. As such and in response to heightened tensions North
own influence in the region. With Russia's help, Korea started to industrialize itself,
decisions that would lead to it eventually becoming the worst place to live in the world.
to which Stalin would often accept. But why? Initially it was quite simple. Korea was a
over their population. North Korean leadership knows that reform will ultimately improve the
reform its educational system and modernized its military, but the Russian empire was dying
use. Using their speech recognition they help you to correct your pronunciation and accent,
to stop running. Transportation was halted, electricity generation stopped completely,
an ability to advance further an armistice was signed that is still in effect to this very day,
family patriarch. With a deeply embedded cultural tradition of family and respecting your elders it
is school children being forced to harvest rice , and doubling of coal mining shifts in the 60s
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and just like in the aftermath of the Korean war, it was still heavily reliant on other
it would provide the economy the self-reliance he treasured so dearly. Heavy industry is
The Great Famine
The Korean War
making money that we have not yet discussed is state sponsored illicit activities. North Korea
mostly from the Soviet Union. Not only that but China and the Soviets forgave North Korea of its
the Japanese built large scale mine and processing plants, developed a thriving fertilizer industry,
willing to imprison your entire family for minor mistakes, it's easy to see how not being okay
But how and why did North Korea receive so much economic aid?
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prosperous and united capitalist Korea on their doorstep and they also wanted to send a message to
But with the fall of the Soviet Union and subsequent economic calamity how does North
foundation in which to control and guide the restoration of the nation and economy. However,
as an ally. Kim was then able to teeter back and forth between the two when aid was offered and
All farmland and all private property was taken by the state. Markets were outlawed,
microcosm of the much larger Cold war. The Soviets and Chinese did not want a strong,
In the Very last months of the second world war 1.5 million Soviet troops launched a lightnight
,restorate destroyed factories, and revive farmlands . Along with its vast resources,
started to carve out as much of the world as possible. This gave rise to a new asian power
into North Korea being rejuvenated and strong enough to fend for themselves the aid just kept
As Korea could not stand alone It turned to the Russian empire who was looking to expand their
rise to Socilist command economies, North Korea is the last remnant of that dying political system.
3.5 million tons per year to just 45 thousand. This would have a catastrophic ripple effect
The North Korean economy from the end of the war until the 1970s grew at a titanic
massive humanitarian crisis along their border and the nuclear crisis that would inevitably
For now the People of North Korea suffer and will continue to until the regime inevitably collapses.
made countless reservoirs and pumping stations to irrigate the fields, and constructed modern power
projects were way too costly, unneeded and in some cases flawed from their very inception. They were
reforms that China undertook and in response to the Arab spring they have tightened social control
cheap labor and a huge demand for commodities by other socilaist nations meant North Korea
was concerned with North Korea's lopsided economic growth. That's because this heavy industry relied
Economic Envy
bent on making nuclear weapons, in a desperate last ditch attempt to maintain power is largely
Korea would undertake a massive military buildup and the militarization of the entire culture.
throughout the entire economy. The now complete shortage of fuel meant that coal mining ceased,
refused to make concessions and ultimately never reformed to fix the structural problems.
significant shortages all the time. Of course Kims answer to this problem was in the form
by 50%. Food was no longer being given for free from other socialist nations,
family connection, professional development or even just self improvement, but worried about